A woman stands amongst bright green bushes with pink flowers with a floodplain forest in the background. — Saving Floodplain Forests Fannie Stebbins Wildlife Refuge is a rare gem of a natural community on the banks of the Connecticut River, just outside Springfield, MA. © The Nature Conservancy

A Remarkable Restoration of the Fannie Stebbins Wildlife Refuge

TNC and partners protect and restore the original floodplain forest ecosystem at Fannie Stebbins Memorial Wildlife Refuge along the Connecticut River.

September 14, 2018 | Last updated January 26, 2021

At the Fannie Stebbins Memorial Wildlife Refuge along the Connecticut River in Longmeadow, the floodplain greenery is so full of life that the air practically vibrates with the noises of insects and birds.

Floodplain forests like these are among the rarest and most threatened natural communities in the state, and the Stebbins Refuge is the largest remaining tract of intact floodplain forest in the Connecticut River watershed. Quite remarkable, considering it sits just outside the city of Springfield, and across the river from Six Flags New England.

Floodplain forests provide a variety of important wildlife habitats, improve water quality by capturing sediment and filtering pollutants, and also help buffer rivers during catastrophic flooding.

A Restoration Partnership (2:54) Protecting and restoring this property as part of the larger Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge was an undertaking only possible thanks to the many partners who pitched in.

The Story of Stebbins Refuge

This is where Kate Leary began studying plants in 1996. Then a recently retired teacher taking New England Wildflower Society classes, Leary was soon recruited to be a trustee of the Allen Bird Club. Beginning in the 1950s, the Club assembled the Stebbins Refuge with small, one-by-one purchases of land.

Leary’s dedication to this place never ceased as she scrambled to secure grants to remove the invasive plants, like Japanese knotweed, that threatened to overrun the refuge’s floodplain. However, as committed Refuge board members and volunteers became older, the Allen Bird Club needed a long-term plan for the stewardship of their land.

“We reached out to The Nature Conservancy because we’d decided to convey the property to an entity that could secure it in perpetuity,” Leary says about the transfer of the property to TNC and to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) for inclusion in the Silvio O. Conte National Fish & Wildlife Refuge. In spring 2017, the Club donated 244 acres to TNC that was restored using funding secured from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Agricultural Conservation Easement Program.

A group of people stand in a line smiling around a rock monument in a dirt field with forest in the background. — **Stewardship in Perpetuity** The Friends of Stebbins celebrate the protection and restoration of the land they stewarded for over 60 years with a monument installation at Stebbins Refuge. © Markelle Smith/TNC

Two people plant young trees in a grassy area with sparse forest in the background. — **Beginning the Restoration** Contractors help plant trees at Fannie Stebbins Wildlife Refuge as part of TNC's efforts to restore the floodplain forest landscape. © James Miller/The Nature Conservancy

Restoring the Floodplain Forest

From 2017 through 2019, TNC and a restoration team including members from Friends of Stebbins, NRCS and USFWS, addressed several stressors impacting natural processes on the site—including forest fragmentation, invasive plants and altered hydrology at the site—to restore the area to its original floodplain forest ecosystem. This work included the planting of 7,892 trees (including disease-tolerant American Elms), vegetation control, installation of deer fencing, removal of an old road and more. 20 wood duck nest boxes and one osprey nest platform were also placed in the wetlands to better support key species in this habitat.

“This has been an unprecedented opportunity to restore part of the floodplain habitat that once dominated the landscape along the Connecticut River,” says TNC in Massachusetts Director of Stewardship and Restoration Karen Lombard. “It’s thanks to the vision and commitment of many that we’re here.”

A small utility vehicle carrying buckets sits in a sparse field with people planting trees in the background. — **During Restoration** As part of restoring the original floodplain forest at Fannie Stebbins Refuge, thousands of elms were planted. © James Miller/The Nature Conservancy

A grassy path next to a field with low shrubbery, some mud in the foreground, and a forest in the background. — **After Restoration** Two years after restoration, the trees planted at Fannie Stebbins Refuge are growing in and other species are flourishing © Loren Dowd/The Nature Conservancy

During Restoration As part of restoring the original floodplain forest at Fannie Stebbins Refuge, thousands of elms were planted. © James Miller/The Nature Conservancy

After Restoration Two years after restoration, the trees planted at Fannie Stebbins Refuge are growing in and other species are flourishing © Loren Dowd/The Nature Conservancy

As the restoration wrapped up, TNC put together a report outlining the process and outcomes of the three-year project. The report was finalized in August 2020. The next step is to transfer the remaining newly restored land to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for inclusion in the Fannie Stebbins Unit of the Conte Refuge.

Markelle Smith, who collaborated with all of the partners on the project during her time at TNC, says, “It’s gratifying to see Kate’s vision and the Allen Bird Club’s mission achieved at Stebbins. This was a true partnership project that resulted in the protection and restoration of a significant floodplain along the Connecticut River. We’re thrilled with the results and are planning to replicate this project design to model nature-based solutions in other areas.”

A raised wooden platform for osprey nesting stands in a green field with clusters of trees in the background. — **Supporting Species** TNC helped install bird nesting platforms at Fannie Stebbins Refuge to support bird species that nest in the area. © Loren Dowd/The Nature Conservancy

A woman and a man talking while walking along a grassy path with sparse forest and blue sky behind them. — **Partnership is Essential** Markelle Smith, former TNC in Massachusetts landscape partnership manager, and Dan Wright, State Conservationist for the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, explore the restoration site. © Loren Dowd/The Nature Conservancy

Conte National Refuge The wetlands that are a part of the Silvio O. Conte National Wildlife Refuge along the Connecticut River support wildlife, protect nearby communities from flooding, and more. © Loren Dowd/The Nature Conservancy

The Big Picture

Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge

The Stebbins Refuge is one small-but-significant part of the larger Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, which encompasses the 7.2 million-acre Connecticut River Watershed. This four-state watershed is regionally valuable because it both supports species migration necessitated by climate change and is essential for people across New England to access and connect with nature.

TNC has been a core partner since the Refuge’s establishment in 1997 by helping define priority conservation areas, collaborating on land projects, advocating for federal Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) monies, and leading the Friends of Conte. This coalition of more than 70 organizations and individuals strengthening the health of the watershed is critical to supporting the Refuge and the plants, animal and people it supports.

With the passage of the Great American Outdoors Act in 2020, which brought full funding for LWCF, TNC focused on the opportunity to bring significant funds to the Refuge. Since 2005, the Friends, in partnership with members of Congress, have secured LWCF funds to protect 37,000 acres valued at $33 million within the watershed. This year, the President’s FY22 budget includes $5 million for land conservation by the Conte Refuge, and the House and Senate Interior Appropriations Bills include $3.7 million and $8.5 million earmarks for projects, in New Hampshire and Vermont, respectively.

“The Friends identified 55 land protection projects across the entire Conte Refuge that could be completed in fiscal years 22 and 23—$17 million worth,” says Markelle Smith, who chairs of the Friends of Conte. “This kind of funding is critical to making these conservation opportunities reality and we’re poised to work together to get these projects done."

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