A wooden kiosk welcome visitors to Cherry Valley. The interior wall of the covered kiosk is covered with signs and maps providing visitor information.
Celebrating Public Lands Public Lands play an important role in raising awareness and inspiring people to act in support of conservation. © Dick Ludwig

Stories in Pennsylvania

This Land is Your Land: Celebrating Our Public Lands

Public lands in Pennsylvania, Delaware and beyond are more critical than ever for people and nature.

For 70 years, The Nature Conservancy has worked to protect the lands and waters on which all life depends. The strategies we use can be both innovative and complex; however, one of the most straightforward ways TNC and other NGOs protect lands and waters is by partnering with state and federal agencies to create and expand public lands. 

Places like Badlands National Park, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Glacier National Park are just a few of America’s National Treasures that TNC has helped conserve. The story is no different locally where TNC has helped protect and expand a number of iconic public places such as King’s Gap State Park in Pennsylvania and the Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge in Delaware.

View looking out over a rolling green valley.
Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Visitors take in the view at Hawk Mountain Sanctuary in Pennsylvania. © Courtesy/Hawk Mountain Sanctuary

Land Acknowledgement

We acknowledge the traditional stewards of the lands that we now know as Pennsylvania and Delaware by such tribes as the Lenni-Lenape, Susquehannock, Nanticoke, Anacosta, Massawomeck and dozens more.

A helpful resource to better understand which Indigenous people preceded today’s geographic designations is Native Land, a mapping tool that can provide information about territories, treaties and languages. While it is designed for education and provides a starting point for personal research, it is not all-encompassing and is not meant to represent legal or official boundaries of any Indigenous nations.

Celebrating Lands, Protecting Biodiversity

The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity has established a global imperative to prevent the destruction of the planet’s biodiversity, known as 30 by 30. The goal of 30 by 30 is to protect at least 30 percent of the world’s land and seas by the year 2030. In January 2021, President Joe Biden announced the America the Beautiful plan, which adds the United States to a list of more than 50 countries that have committed to 30 by 30. In order to meet this goal, the U.S. government and conservation organizations must work across public, tribal and working lands to be successful.

As nations around the world work toward 30 by 30 commitments, public lands have an important role to play in raising awareness and inspiring people to act in support of conservation. Use the maps and links below to discover three locations in Pennsylvania and four in Delaware that TNC has helped protect. We invite you to learn more about these public lands, and to visit them in-person to explore what makes them so special for all people and nature.

Topographic map of Pennsylvania. Red pins mark public lands TNC has helped to protect. Numbers highlight TNC preserves. Major rivers and cities are also highlighted.
Celebrating Public Lands Since 1956, TNC has worked in Pennsylvania to protect nearly 100,000 acres of land. © TNC

Protecting Land in Pennsylvania

Since 1956, TNC has worked in Pennsylvania to protect nearly 100,000 acres of land. More than 15% of those acres have been transferred to state and federal partners to be available for public land use. The chapter’s very first public lands transfer occurred in 1972 to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (predecessor agency to the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.) One of the more recent transfers was to the state’s Bureau of Forestry that resulted in an 232-acre addition to the Buchanan State Forest.

A wooden foot bridge disappears through a tall stand of flowering grasses.
Cherry Valley NWR TNC owns and manages eight properties and conservation easements in Cherry Valley that collectively represent the landscape’s ecological diversity. © Nicholas Tonelli
× A wooden foot bridge disappears through a tall stand of flowering grasses.
A large wooden sign welcomes visitors to Cherry Valley National Wildlife Refuge. A tree with bright red leaves stands in an open field to the right. A forest of fall colors dominates the background.
Welcome to Cherry Valley Fall colors at the Cherry Valley National Wildlife Refuge in Pennsylvania © Gates Rhodes
× A large wooden sign welcomes visitors to Cherry Valley National Wildlife Refuge. A tree with bright red leaves stands in an open field to the right. A forest of fall colors dominates the background.
Cherry Valley NWR TNC owns and manages eight properties and conservation easements in Cherry Valley that collectively represent the landscape’s ecological diversity. © Nicholas Tonelli
Welcome to Cherry Valley Fall colors at the Cherry Valley National Wildlife Refuge in Pennsylvania © Gates Rhodes

Cherry Valley National Wildlife Refuge

In December 2008, TNC joined with our partners at U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the Monroe County Conservation District to celebrate the establishment of the Cherry Valley National Wildlife Refuge, a 24,000-acre refuge in Monroe and Northampton counties. For more than a decade, TNC has been working with the local community and businesses, including the grassroots Friends of Cherry Valley group, to begin building relationships and protecting parcels of land that would later become the Refuge.

The vast and mostly rural landscape of Cherry Valley is flanked by the Kittatinny Ridge, part of a 185-mile intact and forested wildlife superhighway and renowned bird migration flyway that attracts more than 20,000 hawks, eagles and falcons each year. 

An orange salamander with black spots moves through open muddy ground at Cherry Valley Wildlife Refuge.
Long-Tailed Salamander (Eurycea longicauda) this lungless salamander frequents twilight zones of caves and also inhabits springs and surrounding forest in the Central Appalachians. © Josephine Gingerich / TNC

The lands and freshwaters of Cherry Valley have long been widely recognized as important natural resources. These include a diverse mosaic of wetland and upland habitats that support an unusually large number of species, including five federally listed, threatened, or endangered species.

Since the Refuge’s creation, TNC has worked with partners including local townships, Monroe and Northampton Counties, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the Conservation Fund, the Pocono Heritage Land Trust and the Wildlands Conservancy to add additional acres to the Refuge.

View looking out over a rural valley dotted with farms.
South Mountain Landscape Kings Gap sits astride South Mountain and is included in the South Mountain Conservation Landscape Initiative that encompasses Adams, Cumberland, Franklin, and York counties. © Matt Kane / TNC
× View looking out over a rural valley dotted with farms.
A water droplet creates a circle of ripples on the surface of a pond. Dark brown tadpoles crowd togethers in the water below the ripple.
A Pool of Tadpoles Vernal pools are vital in the lifecycle of amphibians, like frogs and salamanders, and are at risk of drying earlier in the year due to climate change—impacting reproduction. © Matt Kane / TNC
× A water droplet creates a circle of ripples on the surface of a pond. Dark brown tadpoles crowd togethers in the water below the ripple.
South Mountain Landscape Kings Gap sits astride South Mountain and is included in the South Mountain Conservation Landscape Initiative that encompasses Adams, Cumberland, Franklin, and York counties. © Matt Kane / TNC
A Pool of Tadpoles Vernal pools are vital in the lifecycle of amphibians, like frogs and salamanders, and are at risk of drying earlier in the year due to climate change—impacting reproduction. © Matt Kane / TNC

Kings Gap State Park

For almost 50 years, TNC has had the honor of helping to establish and grow Kings Gap State Park through land acquisitions and transfers. Kings Gap consists of 2,531 acres of forest on South Mountain, with more than 25 miles of hiking trails, a permanent orienteering course, picnicking, hunting and other recreational and educational opportunities.

A large group of people walk along a path through a forest. The diverse group is bundled up against the early spring chill.
Vernal Pool Hike Visitors to Forest Pools Preserve, adjacent to Kings Gap State Park, enjoy a hike hosted by TNC in 2016. © Will Parson / Chesapeake Bay Program

In May 2021, TNC transferred 68 acres to King's Gap State Environmental Education Center, growing the park to nearly 2,600 acres. The property known as the Sutton Tract contains several vernal pools and a section of Kings Gap Hollow Run, which has a native brook trout population. Vernal pools are vital in the lifecycle of amphibians, like frogs and salamanders, and are at risk of drying earlier in the year due to climate change—which can impact reproduction. This makes it critically important to conserve and restore the springtime wet areas that we have.

Kings Gap is one of several state parks specifically dedicated to provide environmental education and recreational programs to the citizens of Pennsylvania. A variety of programs are available for children, teachers and the public to increase knowledge and awareness of the values and function of our natural resources. Visit the Kings Gap Environmental Center website or the Friends of Kings Gap community group page for additional events and hiking information.

Misty view of an open field scattered with trees at varying stages of height and growth. A tree covered mountain rises in the distance.
Chrome Barrens Chrome Barrens of Pennsylvania, part of the largest Serpentine Barrens in the United States. © The Nature Conservancy
× Misty view of an open field scattered with trees at varying stages of height and growth. A tree covered mountain rises in the distance.
A wooden sign reading, Goat Hill Serpentine Barrens Public Wild Plant Sanctuary William Penn Forest District Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources, welcomes visitors to the preserve.
Goat Hill Serpentine Barrens This 602-acre tract features serpentine aster, long-haired barrens chickweed, and a variety of moths and butterflies. © John Hinkson / TNC
× A wooden sign reading, Goat Hill Serpentine Barrens Public Wild Plant Sanctuary William Penn Forest District Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources, welcomes visitors to the preserve.
Chrome Barrens Chrome Barrens of Pennsylvania, part of the largest Serpentine Barrens in the United States. © The Nature Conservancy
Goat Hill Serpentine Barrens This 602-acre tract features serpentine aster, long-haired barrens chickweed, and a variety of moths and butterflies. © John Hinkson / TNC

Stateline Serpentine Barrens

Located along the Maryland-Pennsylvania border, the State Line Serpentine Barrens contains some of the last major remnants of serpentine grassland in eastern North America. These grasslands were created when Native Americans used controlled burning to create grazing grassland corridors, which once stretched from New York to Alabama, to attract large game. Very few of these grasslands remain yet the habitat supports unusual, rare, or endangered species that have adapted to the environment over thousands of years thanks to Native American stewardship.

Multi-petaled pink wildflowers with yellow and white centers.
Curtiss' Milkwort (Polygala curtissii) is found primarily in the southern Appalachian Mountains, from which it gets its other name, Appalachian milkwort. © George C. Gress

TNC joined Concerned Citizens of West Nottingham Township in 1979 to oppose a proposed serpentine rock quarry, which launched a partnership to protect critical land tracts containing this fragile habitat. 

In some cases, TNC transferred ownership to like-minded public and private landowners. In other cases, TNC retained ownership and long-term management, including prescribed burning, tree cutting, leaf removal, replanting serpentine grasses, protecting buffer lands, maintaining trails and mapping and monitoring.

Tracts that are open to the public include:

Visit Places We Protect: State Line Serpentine Barrens to learn more or call (717) 352-7936 for information about workdays and guided hikes.
Topographic map of Delaware. Red pins mark public lands TNC has helped to protect. Numbers highlight TNC preserves.
Celebrating Public Lands TNC has transferred ownership of nearly 2,500 acres of land in Delaware to Federal and state agencies over the last 30 years. © TNC

Protecting Lands in Delaware

Established in 1990, TNC's Delaware chapter hit the ground running by successfully transferring nearly 450 acres to Delaware Seashore State Park and 40 acres to the State of Delaware’s Milford Neck Wildlife Area by the end of 1992. 

After completing our most recent property transfer of 86 acres to expand Auburn Valley State Park in 2019, TNC has transferred ownership of nearly 2,500 acres to Federal and state agencies over the last 30 years. We are proud of our historic legacy of partnering with government agencies to protect natural resources and provide recreational opportunities for all to enjoy.

Please note that all of the public lands listed below charge an entry fee.

A wide sandy beach curves away into the distance ending at a point where tall trees meet the calm, still water.
Poplar Thicket Located on Indian River Bay, Marian R. Okie Preserve is now considered part of the Assawoman Wildlife Area. © Steven Billups

Marian R. Okie Preserve Poplar Thicket Farm: Assawoman Wildlife Management Area

This 118 acre property containing tidal salt marsh, wetlands, coastal forest and fields is located on Indian River Bay in Sussex County. The property was originally donated by Austin F. “Pete” Okie to TNC before it was transferred to the State of Delaware’s Division of Fish & Wildlife in 2008. It is now considered part of the Assawoman Wildlife Area and is publicly accessible; a Conservation Access Pass is required to visit.

Protecting the property as wildlife habitat was intended to benefit the region by limiting the encroachment of development and minimizing contributions of pollutants to Indian River Bay, as well as providing sanctuary to a wide range of species. This tract of land is home to a variety of plants and animals including great blue herons, osprey and mourning doves, as well as fiddler crabs, monarch butterflies and diamondback terrapins.

Two Great Blue Herons stand facing each other in a large nest. Two long legged gray-blue shore birds with long thin necks and long pointed beaks.
Nesting Pair Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias). © Kent Mason

“I feel a responsibility to the environment, for the wildlife that we are displacing, especially the birds—and I feel that people should have a responsibility for what we are destroying,” Okie said in 2008. With no close heirs, he opted to make the land his gift to future generations. “I just could not stand the thought of McMansions and a golf course on this land,” he added.

A wide paved path extends into the distance through an open field passing tall trees that are just beginning to show fall color.
Oversee Farm Trail The Oversee Farm property was purchased in 1945 with the intent to see it preserved for future generations. © TNC
× A wide paved path extends into the distance through an open field passing tall trees that are just beginning to show fall color.
Sunlight dapples the green lawn in front of a stone farm house. The shadow of a tall tree is cast on the grass.
Oversee Farm Trail Contained within the farm property are stretches of forest, freshwater marshes, open fields, and scenic views of Red Clay Creek. © TNC
× Sunlight dapples the green lawn in front of a stone farm house. The shadow of a tall tree is cast on the grass.
Oversee Farm Trail The Oversee Farm property was purchased in 1945 with the intent to see it preserved for future generations. © TNC
Oversee Farm Trail Contained within the farm property are stretches of forest, freshwater marshes, open fields, and scenic views of Red Clay Creek. © TNC

Oversee Farm: Auburn Valley State Park

Now part of Auburn Valley State Park, Oversee Farm is a 121-acre property near Yorklyn, DE. In 2003, the state purchased a conservation easement on the Oversee Farm using Department of Transportation (DOT) scenic easement funds and Open Space funds. At the same time, TNC purchased the underlying fee interest in the property. In December 2006, the Division of Parks and Recreation assumed ownership of the property after acquiring the fee interest from TNC.

The property now contains a little more than one mile of wide, paved trails that take visitors among open fields and forest and by an historic farmhouse and barn. The Auburn Valley Master Plan envisions building a new, multi-use trail at Auburn Valley State Park—approximately a six-mile loop—that will connect preserved property along the Pennsylvania border to the Oversee Farm Property while providing a scenic and historic experience.

A short wooden dock extends from a marsh into a wide smooth river channel. The river curves away into the distance through tall marsh grass.
Port Mahon Docking overlooking the Delaware Bay. The preserve is managed as a natural area with controlled public use. © Deb Felmey
× A short wooden dock extends from a marsh into a wide smooth river channel. The river curves away into the distance through tall marsh grass.
A flock of white birds with black throats in flight over the shoreline of the Delaware Bay.  Beneath them a group of birds stand together on a clump of rocks in the shallow water.
Port Mahon Birds flock along the shore at Port Mahon, which provides critical habitat for species including red knot, ruddy turnstones, sandpipers, sanderlings, dowitchers and plovers. © Richard Szutenbach
× A flock of white birds with black throats in flight over the shoreline of the Delaware Bay.  Beneath them a group of birds stand together on a clump of rocks in the shallow water.
Port Mahon Docking overlooking the Delaware Bay. The preserve is managed as a natural area with controlled public use. © Deb Felmey
Port Mahon Birds flock along the shore at Port Mahon, which provides critical habitat for species including red knot, ruddy turnstones, sandpipers, sanderlings, dowitchers and plovers. © Richard Szutenbach

Port Mahon: Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge

Sited just east of Dover, Port Mahon is centrally located among Delaware’s Bayshore within a large conservation area that also includes Little Creek State Wildlife Area. TNC was gifted 341 acres of coastal marshland at Port Mahon in 1990, managing the preserve as a natural area and allowing controlled public use. In 2003, TNC transferred 273 acres to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to become part of the adjacent Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge, one of the largest remaining expanses of tidal salt marsh in the mid-Atlantic region. 

Sitting at the mouth of the Mahon River along the Delaware Bay, the beaches, saltmarshes and tidal creeks of Port Mahon provide a mosaic of habitats that are especially important for migratory birds. This includes numerous shorebirds like the iconic red knot as well as ruddy turnstones, sandpipers, sanderlings, dowitchers, dunlins and plovers. The land provides important nesting, breeding and wintering habitat for short-eared owl, northern harrier, rough-legged hawk and five species of rails.

Sunrise over a tidal marsh. The orange sun is obscured behind a low cover of clouds. The light is reflected on the wide calm surface of the water. Tall marsh grass dominates the foreground.
Sunrise Over Prime Hook Prime Hook is beloved as a high-quality birdwatching area, especially during the spring and fall migrations. © Deb Felmey

Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge

In 2003, TNC transferred several tracts of lands totaling nearly 50 acres to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to expand Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge. The 10,144 acre refuge is located along the southern portion of the Delaware Bay, just north of the popular beach towns of Lewes and Rehoboth. 

Like Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge to the north, Prime Hook is beloved as a high-quality birdwatching area, especially during the spring and fall migrations. The Refuge provides an important stopover site for migratory birds as they travel up and down the Atlantic Flyway, as well as protected breeding habitat for Federally and state-listed threatened and endangered species.

Salt marsh, freshwater marsh, ponds and impoundments, wooded swamps and upland grasslands and forest can be found at Prime Hook, providing habitat for 308 species of birds, 51 species of fish, 45 species of reptiles and amphibians, 37 species of mammals and an array of rare insect and plant species.

Two people remove a green and white sheet from a new preserve kiosk, part of a land transfer ceremony with the state of Pennsylvania. The kiosk contains signs and visitor information.
State Partners Ceremony marking the transfer of the 68-acre Sutton Tract to Pennsylvania DCNR and the King's Gap State Environmental Education Center. © Matt Kane / TNC

Partnering with State and Federal Agencies

In the Republic of Seychelles, an island nation in the middle of the Western Indian Ocean, TNC worked with the country’s government to designate 30% of the nation’s surrounding waters as marine protected areas through a partial buyout of the country’s national debt. 

In Belize, TNC joined a coalition of more than a dozen government and conservation partners to protect 236,000 acres of tropical rainforest, which fills a critical gap in a vast forest network called the Selva Maya—38 million acres of forest spanning across Central America.

In the United States, TNC has partnered with local, state and federal government partners to protect and co-manage public lands for more than 50 years. In the U.S., the simplest way that TNC helps government agencies establish and expand public lands is through a real estate mechanism known as a “land transfer.” Typically, this happens when TNC’s agency partners identify parcels of land that are of critical conservation importance—often adjacent to existing public lands. As a non-governmental organization, TNC can move much more quickly to acquire the parcels, which we later transfer to our agency partners at cost.

Another simple tool that TNC uses to support public lands are public access conservation easements. A conservation easement is a voluntary legal agreement between a private landowner and a land trust—like TNC—or government agency that permanently protects specific conservation values on a property. 

There are a wide variety of conservation easements, and they must all provide public benefits such as water quality, scenery, wildlife habitat and recreation. Some conservation easements grant public access for pedestrian recreation. These are typically used on private property that connects or adjoins public lands. When working with private landowners who are interested in a conservation easement, TNC plays the role of matchmaker, helping the landowner realize their conservation vision while achieving these public benefits.

TNC’s vision is to create a world where both people and nature can thrive. As such, the sustainable management of public lands is a high priority. Our scientists have established a national network of resilient and connected landscapes and waters across the country and around the world where conservation work will give nature the greatest opportunity to adapt to climate change. 

When public lands fall within these resilient and connected landscapes, TNC works with our government partners to improve the ecological management of public lands through science and demonstration projects, and by adding capacity to the land management workforce.

A group of nine people pose together for a photo during a clean up event. The diverse group is holding large black trash bags and bright orange grabbers.
Stream Cleanup Stream Stewards, TNC staff and volunteers participate in a fall watershed cleanup event at First State National Historic Park. © Molly Anderson / TNC
× A group of nine people pose together for a photo during a clean up event. The diverse group is holding large black trash bags and bright orange grabbers.
A woman wearing a PA DCNR uniform and cap floats in a kayak in a wide marsh. There is a large white bag of trash balanced on the bow of the orange kayak, collected during a volunteer event.
NPLD River Days TNC and partners from Heritage Conservancy and PA DCNR, along with volunteers, spread out by land and water at Bristol Marsh Preserve for a cleanup event. © Molly Anderson / TNC
× A woman wearing a PA DCNR uniform and cap floats in a kayak in a wide marsh. There is a large white bag of trash balanced on the bow of the orange kayak, collected during a volunteer event.
Stream Cleanup Stream Stewards, TNC staff and volunteers participate in a fall watershed cleanup event at First State National Historic Park. © Molly Anderson / TNC
NPLD River Days TNC and partners from Heritage Conservancy and PA DCNR, along with volunteers, spread out by land and water at Bristol Marsh Preserve for a cleanup event. © Molly Anderson / TNC

Learn and Volunteer

National Public Lands Day is held annually on the fourth Saturday of September to celebrate the connection between people and green space in their community, inspire environmental stewardship, and encourage use of open space for education, recreation and health benefits..

First established in 1994, the annual event is consistently one of the largest volunteer efforts held nationwide to help restore and improve public lands across the country. National Public Lands Day (NPLD) is also a Fee-Free Day—entrance fees are waived at national parks and other public lands.

In Delaware, our Stream Stewards program partners with First State National Historical Park as part of the Alliance for Watershed Education of the Delaware River NPLD to pick up litter from streams in the park’s Beaver Valley unit in north Wilmington. Over the past five years, hundreds of volunteers have removed thousands of pounds of trash from the park to benefit both wildlife and visitors and to improve water quality.

In Pennsylvania, we partner with the Heritage Conservancy at the Bristol Marsh Preserve to clean up litter from this popular local park and wetland located along the Delaware River, northeast of Philadelphia. Since 2009, hundreds of volunteers have collected and disposed of thousands of pounds of trash from the land and waters at Bristol Marsh.

Join us at a volunteer event in Pennsylvania or Delaware on National Public Lands Day to celebrate the value and beauty that public lands bring to our lives.  

Two boys with binoculars at a summer nature camp. The boy in the background looks through the lenses. The boy in the foreground smiles up at the person taking the photo.
Explore and Discover Eye spy during a summer nature camp for 6-8 year olds. Outdoor education can help break down barriers and nurture a spirit of conservation. © Margaret Van Clief

Access for All

Public Lands Day also provides an opportunity to underscore that outdoor engagement and recreation is meant for all communities; nature does not exclude anyone from its benefits. 

Within the ambitious 30 by 30 goal, there is a need to address the issue of unequal access and accessibility to the outdoors. Statistics from the U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service and Fish and Wildlife Service reveal that close to 70% of people who visit national forests, national wildlife refuges and national parks are white, with Black people being the least represented.

There is hope that those statistics will shift more equitably as more voices are elevated and represented in conservation, thanks to efforts by groups like Outdoor Afro, Latino Outdoors and Unlikely Hikers, and trailblazers like Randy Moore, the first-ever African American Chief of the U.S. Forest Service. By listening to their experiences and diversity of perspectives and learning how a wide range of groups interact with nature, we can create natural spaces that are more welcoming and accessible for all.